Childhood Sarcomas
Appearing rarely in young children, a childhood sarcoma can arise in connective tissues; bone, muscle, fat, cartilage, nerves, tendons, blood vessels, or similar. They often present as a mass or swelling, sometimes painless, and may grow over time.
Pediatric Bone & Soft Tissue Tumors
Benign (Not Cancerous)
Hemangioma
Ossifying Fibroma
Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy
Infantile Digital Fibromatosis (Inclusion Body Fibromatosis)
Myofibroma (Pediatric Myofibromatosis)
Lipoblastoma
Hemangioma
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
Malignant/Sarcomas (Cancerous)
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)
Infantile Fibrosarcoma
Desmoplastic Small Cell Tumor
Infantile Hemangiopericytoma
Benign (Not Cancerous)
Infantile Fibromatosis
This is a type of fibromatosis that typically affects children less than five years of age. Patients are usually brought to a physician's attention because of the discovery of a large mass. The most common sites of involvement are the shoulder irdle and muscles and...
Periosteal Chondroma
General Information Benign neoplasm Composed of mature hyaline cartilage Arises from surface of bone from inner layer of periosteum Erodes the outer table of the cortex Does not grossly extend into medullary cavity Also known as juxtacortical chondroma More cellular...
Osteoid Osteoma
General Information Osteoid Osteoma is a benign osteoblastic (bone forming) tumor that is usually less than 2cm in size. It consists of a central vascularized nidus that represents the neoplastic tissue. The nidus is surrounded by normal reactive bone. It is usually a...
Osteochondroma
General Information Osteochondroma is an outgrowth of medullary and cortical bone A portion of the cartilaginous growth plate grows outward instead of longitudinally and forms the osteochondroma/exostosis (like a branch on a tree) It consists of bone covered with...
Osteoblastoma
General Information Benign osteoblastic neoplasm with aggressive growth pattern (considered a benign aggressive tumor) Histologically it is similar to osteoid osteoma but is a larger size and grows progressively Consists of well vascularized connective tissue stroma...
Nonossifying Fibroma
GENERAL INFORMATION Nonossifying fibroma is a benign intracortical, multilocular and well circumscribed lesion that affects young patients. It originates from the proliferation of fibrous tissue and histocytes. The most common location are the distal femoral and...
Fibrous Dysplasia
GENERAL INFORMATION Fibrous dysplasia is not considered a tumor; it is a developmental disorder of the bone. It appears similar to a tumor on radiological studies. Fibrous dysplasia is caused by the inability of the bone-forming tissue to produce mature bone due to a...
Eosinophilic Granuloma
General Information This is a benign proliferation of Langerhans cells usually accompanied with eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils and scattered plasma cells. There may be solitary or multiple lesions confined to bone 70% of cases consist of a solitary lesion...
Enchondroma
General Information Enchondroma is a benign indolent intramedullary hyaline cartilage neoplasm Accounts for 10% of all benign osseous tumors Limited growth, most lesions are less than 5 cm in maximal dimension Bones grow from a cartilaginous growth plate that...
Chondroblastoma
General Information Codman Tumor (old historical name for chondroblastoma) Cartilage Containing Giant Cell Tumor (Kolodney 1972) Calcifying Giant Cell Tumor (Ewing 1928) Clinical Data Rare; 1-2% all bone tumors Male predilection (2:1) Children and young adults; 90%...
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)
General Information An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign bone tumor or neoplasm. It consists of a blood-filled multiloculated cavity with a thick fibrous lining. The lining is composed of mesenchymal spindle cells, capillaries, multinucleated giant cells, and...
Malignant/Sarcomas (Cancerous)
Ewing Sarcoma
General Information Ewing sarcoma is a small round blue cell sarcoma It is a primary osseous neoplasm (cancer/sarcoma) composed of uniform, monotonous, small round blue cells without any matrix production Fourth most common primary malignancy of bone Approximately 5%...
Lymphoma of Bone
General Information Primary lymphoma of bone is defined as lymphoma arising within the medullary cavity of a bone in the absence of lymph node or organ involvement for at least 6 months after diagnosis Primary lymphoma of bone is rare (3% of primary bone tumors) and...
Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma (Soft Tissue Osteosarcoma)
GENERAL INFORMATION Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor that accounts for less than 4% of all types of Osteosarcomas. The constituent cells form osteoid or immature woven bone. CLINICAL DATA Extraskeletal osteosarcomas most frequently occur in...
Rhabdomyosarcoma
GENERAL INFORMATION Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor (sarcoma) originating from striated skeletal muscle. Although rare, it is one of the more common solid cancerous tumors (sarcoma) affecting children. This entity occurs with same...