Tumor Classification
Osseous Producing Tumors
Benign Osseous
Osteoblastoma
General Information Benign osteoblastic neoplasm with aggressive growth pattern (considered a benign aggressive tumor) Histologically it is similar to osteoid osteoma but is a larger size and grows progressively Consists of well vascularized connective tissue stroma...
Osteoid Osteoma
General Information Osteoid Osteoma is a benign osteoblastic (bone forming) tumor that is usually less than 2cm in size. It consists of a central vascularized nidus that represents the neoplastic tissue. The nidus is surrounded by normal reactive bone. It is usually a...
Osteoma
GENERAL INFORMATION Osteoma is a rare benign bone tumor, composed of mature osseous tissue. It presents as a protruding mass of dense periosteal intramembranous bone, usually on surface of host bone. It is abnormally dense but is normal bone formed in the...
Malignant Osseous Osteosarcoma
Intracortical Osteosarcoma
General Information Intracortical osteosarcoma is an extremely rare type of osteosarcoma that arises within and is usually confined to the cortex of the bone. It is a high grade osteosarcoma that is confined to the cortex of a long bone Intracortical osteosarcoma is...
Low Grade Intraosseous Osteosarcoma
GENERAL INFORMATION Low Grade Intraosseous Osteosarcoma is a low grade malignant bone tumor that accounts for 1% to 2% of all Osteosarcomas. Constituent cells of the tumor form osteoid or immature woven bone. CLINICAL DATA • More frequent in second and...
Osteosarcoma (Conventional)
General Information An osteosarcoma is so called, because it is a cancerous tumor that is derived from a mesenchymal stem cell precursor (thus, by definition a sarcoma). The malignant cells produce immature woven bone, or osteoid, which is why the tumor is named...
Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
General Information Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is a variant of an intramedullary high grade osteosarcoma. Accounts for 3% of osteosarcomas Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is extremely lytic on X-rays. It demonstrates very little osteoid production. It is characterized by...
Cartilage Producing Tumors
Benign Chondroid
Chondroblastoma
General Information Codman Tumor (old historical name for chondroblastoma) Cartilage Containing Giant Cell Tumor (Kolodney 1972) Calcifying Giant Cell Tumor (Ewing 1928) Clinical Data Rare; 1-2% all bone tumors Male predilection (2:1) Children and young adults; 90%...
Chondromyxofibroma (CMF)
General Information Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma consists of a low grade malignant hyaline cartilage tumor associated with a high-grade nonchondroid spindle sarcoma. The two components are juxtaposed with abrupt clear demarcation line The high grade sarcoma is most...
Enchondroma
General Information Enchondroma is a benign indolent intramedullary hyaline cartilage neoplasm Accounts for 10% of all benign osseous tumors Limited growth, most lesions are less than 5 cm in maximal dimension Bones grow from a cartilaginous growth plate that...
Osteochondroma
General Information Osteochondroma is an outgrowth of medullary and cortical bone A portion of the cartilaginous growth plate grows outward instead of longitudinally and forms the osteochondroma/exostosis (like a branch on a tree) It consists of bone covered with...
Periosteal Chondroma
General Information Benign neoplasm Composed of mature hyaline cartilage Arises from surface of bone from inner layer of periosteum Erodes the outer table of the cortex Does not grossly extend into medullary cavity Also known as juxtacortical chondroma More cellular...
Malignant Chondroid Chondrosarcoma
Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma
General Information Malignant tumor Comprised of neoplastic chondrocytes With abundany, clear cytosplasm Little interveining matrix Foci of conventional chondrosarcoma may be present Clinical Presentation Signs/Symptoms: Pain and swelling There may be interference...
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
General Information Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma consists of a low grade malignant hyaline cartilage tumor associated with a high-grade nonchondroid spindle sarcoma. The two components are juxtaposed with abrupt clear demarcation line The high grade sarcoma is most...
Enchondroma
General Information Enchondroma is a benign indolent intramedullary hyaline cartilage neoplasm Accounts for 10% of all benign osseous tumors Limited growth, most lesions are less than 5 cm in maximal dimension Bones grow from a cartilaginous growth plate that...
Enchondromatosis
General Information Enchondromatosis is enchondral ossification or cartilage dysplasia.Occurs in two clinical disorders: Ollier’s Disease rare skeletal disorder Multifocal intramedullary proliferation of dysplastic cartilage Present in one bone or multiple bones with...
Juxtacortical (Periosteal) Chondrosarcoma
General Information Juxtacortical/Periosteal Similar to juxtacortical chondroma Periosteal lesion - cortical erosion Chondroid matrix calcification Similar to periosteal ogs (no hair on end periosteal reaction) Larger soft tissue mass/size (>3-4cm) Intramedullary...
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
General Information High grade malignant, cartilage-forming tumor Comprised primarily of noncartilaginous small, round, oval, or spindle shaped cells with islands of malignant cartilage dispersed throughout noncartilaginous component of tumor Osteoid may be present as...
Osteochondroma
General Information Osteochondroma is an outgrowth of medullary and cortical bone A portion of the cartilaginous growth plate grows outward instead of longitudinally and forms the osteochondroma/exostosis (like a branch on a tree) It consists of bone covered with...